Welcome to the “Mathematics for Machine Learning and Data Science” blog post series. The information contained in these posts will give you the necessary mathematical grounding in linear algebra, calculus, and statistics for a successful career in data science or machine learning. This guide is intended to be a roadmap for learning the math, and as a reference to quickly lookup and acquire mathematical background knowledge for solving concrete problems. For an in-depth guide to the math, you need to succeed in machine learning, check out my post on what math is required for machine learning.
I hope this guide will make the math for becoming a data scientist less intimidating.
Linear Algebra
- Basic Vector Operations
- Unit Vector
- Dot Product and Orthogonal Vectors
- Linear Independence
- Vector Projections
- Basic Matrix Operations
- Matrix Multiplication
- Transformation Matrix
- Determinant of a Matrix
- Gauss Jordan Elimination
- Diagonal Matrix
- Identity Matrix and Inverse Matrix
- Transpose Matrix
- Orthogonal Matrix
- Change of Basis Matrix
- Gram Schmidt Process
- Eigenvectors
- Eigenvalue Decomposition
- Singular Value Decomposition
Calculus
- Rise Over Run: Understand the Definition of a Derivative
- Differential Calculus: How to Find the Derivative of a Function
- Products, Quotients, and Chains: Simple Rules for Calculus
- How to Take Partial Derivatives
- The Jacobian Matrix: Introducing Vector Calculus
- The Hessian Matrix: Finding Minima and Maxima
- The Multivariable Chain Rule
- Power Series: Understand the Taylor and MacLaurin Series
- Linearization of Differential Equations for Approximation
- Understanding The Gradient Descent Algorithm
- Lagrange Multipliers: An Introduction to Constrained Optimization
- The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Integration
Optional
The Fourier Transform and its Math from Scratch
Statistics and Probability
Basic Statistics and Probability
- Introduction to Probability and Random Variables
- Probability Mass Function and Probability Density Function
- Conditional Probability and Independence
- The Law of Total Probability and Bayesian Inference
- Variance and the Expected Value
- Covariance and Correlation
- Bernoulli Random Variables and the Binomial Distribution
- Normal Distribution and Gaussian Random Variables
- Maximum Likelihood Estimation
- Multivariate Gaussian Distribution
- Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Gaussian Distributions
- The Law of Large Numbers
- The Central Limit Theorem
- Confidence Intervals and Z Score
Probability Distributions
- Factorization Theorem and the Exponential Family
- Poisson Distribution
- Exponential Distribution
- Gamma Distribution
- Beta Distribution
- Conjugate Priors
- Geometric Distribution
- Chi-Square Distribution and Degrees of Freedom
- Student’s T-Distribution
Statistical Testing
Critical Value Tables
For your convenience, here are the most important tables for looking up critical values.
Further Resources
For writing these posts I’ve relied on several textbooks, online courses, and blogs.
Here you find a comprehensive list of resources that I’ve used to write these posts and that I recommend for further study.